{"id":2169,"date":"2026-02-21T06:54:26","date_gmt":"2026-02-21T06:54:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ipsj.org\/?p=2169"},"modified":"2026-02-21T06:54:28","modified_gmt":"2026-02-21T06:54:28","slug":"training-material-electoral-systems-and-their-impacts-on-the-political-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ipsj.org\/my\/training-material-electoral-systems-and-their-impacts-on-the-political-system\/","title":{"rendered":"\u101c\u1031\u1037\u1000\u103b\u1004\u1037\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1015\u1005\u1039\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038 : \u101b\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103d\u1032\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1021\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104f\u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u101b\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103d\u1032\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1021\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104f \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038<\/strong> \u101b\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103d\u1032\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u102b\u1010\u102e\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1021\u1019\u1030\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u100a\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b \u101e\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a First-Past-The-Post (FPTP)\u104a Two-Round System (TRS)\u104a Alternative Vote (AV)\u104a Proportional Representation (PR)\u104a Party Block Vote \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a Mixed Systems (MMP &amp; Parallel) \u1021\u1015\u102b\u1021\u101d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1000\u101b\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103d\u1032\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1005\u1036\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u101c\u1031\u1037\u101c\u102c\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1014\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101a\u103e\u1009\u103a \u1001\u103d\u1032\u1001\u103c\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1005\u102d\u1010\u103a\u1016\u103c\u102c\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u1010\u1005\u103a\u1006\u1004\u1037\u103a <strong>\u1021\u1019\u1031\u101b\u102d\u1000\u1014\u103a\u1015\u103c\u100a\u103a\u1011\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1005\u102f<\/strong>, <strong>\u1002\u103b\u102c\u1019\u1014\u102e<\/strong>, <strong>\u1006\u103d\u1005\u103a\u1007\u102c\u101c\u1014\u103a<\/strong>, \u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a <strong>\u1029\u1005\u1010\u103c\u1031\u1038\u101c\u103b<\/strong>, \u1021\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1021\u101d\u1031\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1021\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1005\u102f\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101a\u103e\u1009\u103a\u1015\u103c\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1021\u1006\u102f\u1036\u1038\u1021\u1016\u103c\u1010\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u1031\u102c\u101b\u101c\u1012\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u100a\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1021\u101c\u1031\u1038\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u102e\u1038\u1019\u1031\u102c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1011\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102e\u1038 \u1021\u1001\u103b\u102d\u102f\u1038\u1000\u103b\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101e\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1010\u1030\u100a\u102e\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1021\u1001\u103c\u1031\u1001\u1036\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u102b\u101d\u1004\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u104a \u100a\u103d\u1014\u1037\u103a\u1015\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1021\u1005\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101b\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1006\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u100a\u103e\u102d\u1014\u103e\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u100a\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1019\u103c\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a\u1010\u1004\u103a\u1015\u1031\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u1015\u103c\u1011\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1024\u101e\u1004\u103a\u1010\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1010\u103d\u1004\u103a \u1019\u1032\u1006\u1014\u1039\u1012\u1014\u101a\u103a\u1012\u102e\u1007\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u1019\u1032\u101b\u1031\u1010\u103d\u1000\u103a\u1015\u102f\u1036\u101e\u1031\u1014\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1005\u1036\u1014\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u103d\u102c\u101f\u1001\u103b\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1006\u1014\u1039\u1012\u1001\u1036\u101a\u1030\u1015\u103d\u1032\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101b\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103d\u1032\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1004\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1009\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u101b\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103d\u1032\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1012\u102e\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1000\u101b\u1031\u1005\u102e\u1010\u100a\u103a\u1004\u103c\u102d\u1019\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u1010\u102c\u101d\u1014\u103a\u1001\u1036\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u100a\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101c\u103d\u103e\u1019\u103a\u1038\u1019\u102d\u102f\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1000\u1032\u1037\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u101e\u1031\u102c \u1021\u1013\u102d\u1000\u101e\u1018\u1031\u102c\u1010\u101b\u102c\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1000\u102d\u102f\u101c\u100a\u103a\u1038 \u101b\u103e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1015\u103c\u1011\u102c\u1038\u1015\u102b\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipsj.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Electoral-systems-202602.pdf\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.ipsj.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Electoral-systems-202602.pdf\">\u1012\u1031\u102b\u1004\u103a\u1038\u101c\u102f\u1012\u103a\u101c\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1014\u103a \u1024\u1014\u1031\u101b\u102c\u1000\u102d\u102f\u1014\u103e\u102d\u1015\u103a\u1015\u102b : <\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u101b\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103d\u1032\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a \u104e\u1004\u103a\u1038\u1010\u102d\u102f\u1037\u104f \u1014\u102d\u102f\u1004\u103a\u1004\u1036\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1021\u1015\u1031\u102b\u103a \u101e\u1000\u103a\u101b\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u101b\u103d\u1031\u1038\u1000\u1031\u102c\u1000\u103a\u1015\u103d\u1032\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u1009\u103a\u1038\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u101e\u100a\u103a \u1015\u102b\u1010\u102e\u1005\u1014\u1005\u103a\u1019\u103b\u102c\u1038\u104a \u1021\u102f\u1015\u103a\u1001\u103b\u102f\u1015\u103a\u101b\u1031\u1038\u1021\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1016\u103d\u1032\u1037\u1005\u100a\u103a\u1038\u1001\u103c\u1004\u103a\u1038\u104a \u1000\u102d\u102f\u101a\u103a\u1005\u102c\u1038\u1015\u103c\u102f\u1019\u103e\u102f\u1014\u103e\u1004\u1037\u103a... \u1000\u102d\u102f \u1019\u100a\u103a\u101e\u102d\u102f\u1037\u1015\u102f\u1036\u1016\u1031\u102c\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u1000\u102d\u102f \u1006\u1014\u103a\u1038\u1005\u1005\u103a\u101e\u100a\u103a\u104b<\/p>","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":2171,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[30,12,11],"class_list":["post-2169","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-training-materials","tag-federalism","tag-institute-of-peace-and-social-justice","tag-ipsj"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ipsj.org\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2169","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ipsj.org\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ipsj.org\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipsj.org\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipsj.org\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2169"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipsj.org\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2169\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2172,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipsj.org\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2169\/revisions\/2172"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipsj.org\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2171"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ipsj.org\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2169"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipsj.org\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2169"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ipsj.org\/my\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2169"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}